Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Seizures occur due to sudden, excessive electrical activity in the brain, leading to temporary disturbances in behavior, sensation, or awareness. The types and severity of seizures can vary widely, ranging from brief lapses in attention or muscle jerks to full-body convulsions and loss of consciousness.
Epilepsy can develop at any age and may be caused by genetic factors, brain injuries, infections, strokes, or developmental disorders, though in many cases, the cause remains unknown. Common triggers for seizures include sleep deprivation, stress, flashing lights, or alcohol.
Diagnosis of epilepsy typically involves brain imaging and electroencephalogram (EEG) tests to detect abnormal electrical activity. Treatment often includes anti-seizure medications to control or reduce the frequency of seizures. In some cases, dietary changes (such as a ketogenic diet), surgery, or nerve stimulation therapies may be recommended when medications alone are not effective.
With proper treatment, many people with epilepsy can lead normal, active lives. However, it’s important to manage the condition with ongoing medical care and lifestyle adjustments to avoid seizure triggers and ensure safety.